Recrystallization behavior of cellulose and lignocellulose from Pinus massoniana

Summary In an X-ray diffraction investigation, the recrystallization behavior of ball-milled Chinese southern pine wood was found to differ from that of cellulose. The crystallinity of lignocellulose milled for a very long time and recrystallized by wetting in water did not decrease with increasing milling time as was the case with milled cellulose. In addition, it appeared that the presence of lignin tended to restrict the amorphous cellulose produced by milling from recrystallizing into Cellulose II, whereas it had no influence on the recrystallization into Cellulose I. These results were discussed in the context of the mechanism of the conversion of Cellulose I to Cellulose II.     

用凤眼莲(Eichhornia crassipes Solms)去除废水中氮、磷元素的功效及其相关因素的研究

在含Ag~+浓度为0.1～2.0ppm的屠宰废水中,凤眼莲降低N、P元素的效率,随浓度增加而降低;当Ag~+浓度为2ppm时,凤眼莲降低N、P元素的效率,随处理时间的延长而增加。去除N的百分率低于P的百分率。屠宰废水中的Ag~+浓度高达15ppm时,凤眼莲植株在24小时内坏死。不同Ag~+浓度的废水对凤眼莲根系脱氢酶活力水平的影响大小不同,从而影响到N、P元素的去除效率。实验结果为利用凤眼莲净化屠宰废水,富集回收水环境中的银,提供了重要依据。     

猫尾草的价值与栽培技术

文章介绍了猫尾草的形态特征及其实用价值,并总结了其栽培管理技术.     

乳状分散松香胶的研制和试产

对乳状分散松香胶制备工艺：分散体选择和用量、乳化温度、转相温度、助剂进行了研究，并在此基础上进行了试产，制得效果较好的产品．     

Induction of meiotic gynogenesis in bagrid catfish (Pseudobagrus ussuriensis) with homologous sperm and its confirmation for female homogamety

The bagrid catfish, Pseudobagrus ussuriensis, exhibits significant sexual dimorphism in growth rate and body size with males growing faster than females. Therefore, an all‐male culture can dramatically increase the output and profitability of fishery products. According to the monosex breeding route, super‐male individuals’ acquirement by XY male sex reversal and artificial gynogenesis is the key step. An effective protocol to induce meiotic gynogenesis using homologous sperms has been developed in this study. The most effective UV irradiation for sperm genetic inactivation was found to be at a distance of 20 cm with 66 μW/cm² light intensity for 25 min. Optimal treatment for cold shock was 5 min post‐fertilization at 0‐4°C for 30 min, which gave the best survival rate of 13.65 ± 2.87%. The sex ratio in the meiotic gynogens showed a significant female‐biased deviation (p < .05); thirty meiogynogens and their parents were further analysed using a male‐specific AFLP marker, of which only the male parent produced a male‐specific DNA band of 412 bp. These results indicated the female homogametic XX/XY sex determination system in P. ussuriensis. The optimization of a protocol for the successful induction of meiogynogenesis in the bagrid catfish lays the basis for all‐male production and is useful in ascertaining the genetic sex determination system in this promising aquaculture species.     

Changes in the gut microbiome of the Chinese mitten crab (Eriocheir sinensis) in response to White spot syndrome virus (WSSV) infection

Intestinal microorganisms play important roles in maintaining host health, but their functions in aquatic animal hosts have yet to be fully elucidated. The Chinese mitten crab, Eriocheir sinensis, is one such example. We attempted to identify the shift of gut microbiota that occurred in response to infection of white spot syndrome virus (WSSV), an emerging viral pathogen in the crab aquaculture industry. The microbiota may exert some control over aspects of the viral pathogenesis. We investigated the changes in composition and structure of the crab gut microbiome during various WSSV infection stages of 6 h post‐infection (hpi) and 48 hpi, using a 16S rRNA approach on the MiSeq Illumina sequencing platform. Four phyla (Firmicutes, Proteobacteria, Tenericutes and Bacteroidetes) were most dominant in the gut of E. sinensis regardless of the WSSV infection stages. However, further analysis revealed that over 12 bacterial phyla, 44 orders and 68 families were significantly different in abundance at various states of WSSV infection. Several intriguing aspects of E. sinensis gut bacteria that had not been previously reported were also uncovered, such as class Mollicutes was dominant here, but absent in crabs from Yangtze River estuary and Chongming Islands. Overall, this study provided the first evidence that changes in gut microbiome were closely associated with the severity of WSSV infection and that indicator taxa could be used to evaluate the crab health status.     

温度、盐度对西藏卤虫卵孵化率的影响

西藏卤虫(Antemia tibetiana)是一种重要的水产资源,其无节幼体是鱼虾幼苗的优质饵料。影响卤虫卵孵化的因素有多种,最重要的是温度和盐度。本文探讨了不同的温度和盐度对西藏卤虫卵孵化率的影响,也进行了光照对孵化率影响的对比试验。结果表明在温度28℃、盐度15时孵化率最高,无光照时会显著降低卤虫卵的孵化率。     

基于模糊物元的哈尔滨公交企业运营管理评价

根据哈尔滨市公交企业的特点和调研数据,按照平衡计分卡的“财务、顾客、内部流程、学习与成长”四个维度,构建评价指标体系;提出公交企业规模划分标准;应用模糊物元法建立评价模型,对典型的国营和民营公交企业运营管理水平进行评价;采用熵权法计算指标权重,降低人为因素对评价结果的影响.结果表明,评价对象的运营管理均达到“良好”水平.     

基于联合仿真的林业采育作业模拟系统研究

为解决大型林业装备操作训练复杂的问题,优化驾驶与作业,提高森林资源利用率,本文提出基于分布式系统,对采育作业环境进行视景模拟的虚拟现实作业操作模拟器。系统利用虚拟现实软件Unity3D系统,能够模拟车辆行驶与工作的动力学模型,实时运动仿真包括底盘系统与地面的交互作用,机械臂作业运动以及伐木头作业操作运动,使操作人员能够更快地适应熟悉驾驶和采育作业,减少安全隐患和装备损耗,提高装备作业安全性及效率。     

PDCA循环工作法在培训教研室制度建设中的应用实践

PDCA循环理论由于管理层次多样、运行程序科学严谨,广泛适用于各项管理工作甚至是管理的各个环节。将其引入国家林业局管理干部学院培训教研室制度建设工作中,通过PDCA循环四阶段进行管理,包括科学制定目标和工作计划、认真组织实施制度建设工作、及时检查结果、积极反馈制度建设中存在的问题,提高了培训教研室制度建设和管理质量,使培训教研室制度建设和管理进一步科学化、规范化。